My impression is that the early Ottoman Empire was more tolerant of ethnic and religious minorities than early modern Europe, hence why many European Jews took refuge there. The late Ottoman Empire, on the other hand, became increasingly intolerant towards its minorities as it shrunk, to the point where even many Muslims resented the empire. Regrettably I forgot the source, but I thought that I read somewhere that it became common for (Arab) Muslims to defect from the Ottoman military. ETA: Here it is! (It is somewhat different from how I remembered it, but that is definitely the source.)